And william astle



AIR BRAKE APARATUS o'ginal Filed 001;.. 9, 1924 4 sheets-sheet 1 INVENTORS Spencer' G. /Veall l/Villam Asile.

Edward/E M/llson ,my ATTORNEYS s. G. NEAL Er AL AIR BRAKE APPARATUS July 1o, 192s.A

4sheets-sheet 2 ori'gil'Filed oct. 9, 1924 INVENTQRS Spencer @J1/ea?. William Asile.. Edward E! wils on BY/@w/SM;

AUORNEYS kmu AIR BRAKE APPARATUS orgnalknld ou. 9, 1924 4 sneets-sheet 3 v lNvENTo'Rs Spencer- G. /VeaL William Asile. 2 Edward 1D. H/l'lon, BY/QWSa-L ATTORNEYS s. G. NEAL ET AL AIR BRAKE APPARATUS l July 1o, 192s.

riginal Filed Oct. 9, 1924 4 SheetS-Sheet 4 S1/A420 64 B7 .Rw O c O INVENTORS IQ. "l: Spencer G./Vea.- Ik William sfle.

BY E l i l ATTORNEYS inder "for into the brake pipe for brakes. `The t-riple valve isoperated to servo brake pipeA pressure.

35 the brake cylinder Reissued July 10, 1928.

. Re.17,o27

v vUNITEn.srATisps PATENT forrlcr..y

srENcERG; NEAL, or NEW YORK, AND' WILLIAM AsTLE,` oEDRooKLYN, `NEW YORK,

AND EDWARD i. W'ILsoiv,v or EASTORANGE, NEWJERSEW Assiciivons` To AUTo- "MATIClsTRArGHT ATR BRAKE.v COMPANY, J or WILMINQTOMDELAWARE; A con- `PoRATIoN or DELAWARE.`

original application mea october o, 1,601,578,` dated september 2s, i926.

5 air brake apparatus illustrated by these patents the brake vpipe volume is augmented by abrake `pipe reservoir, air `from the brake pipe and from the augmenting brake pipe `reservoirbeing admitted tothe brake cylservice applications of the brakes. `An emergency reservoir 1s vprovided and the ted to. the .brake cylinder for emergency applications of the brakes and is also admitted aquick release of the ice positionby a slow and moderatereduction of brake pipe pressure, `and operatesto` a sudden reduction in An increase in brake the triple valve to emergency position by pipe pressure operates release position.

ent invention is to provide a:ser'vice application valve which in servicelposition Will ad.

mit brake pip'e air and `brake pipe reservoir air directly to the `brake cylinder ior a service mentsby-` brake pipe, emergencyA reservoir `and brake cylinder pressures.

vide a ytriple valve withy a 'service application `valve operatingA in such mann'erkthat pressure may be built to the. rapidity of cybuild-up of brakes cyl- `up in direct relation cling operations, said inder pressure solely bythe operation ofthe service appli- 40 cation valve.

A further limportant object of the inven- 'zmis to provide an emergency reservoir valve which, when the main slide valve isI in emergency position', Will be opened to permit the emergency reservoir air to flow to the brake cylinder, and which, when the main slide valve' is `inr full releasev position Will be opened to permit the emergency reservoir air to flow to the brakeipipe. `The main slide valve iniull release position and in controls the direction of the emergency position flow ci emergency reservoir air Vpast being controlled entirely and AIR-BRAKE APPARATUS.

emergency reservoir valve. 'A manually `operable release governing valvev is provided,`

and by meansof saidvalve` the triple `valve may be` adjustedto operate iii quickrelease `or to operate in" graduated release; `lhen the releasegoverning valvev ,is in graduated the emergency reservoir valve and the re- "lease of brake cylinderpressure during grady uated release operations will bewliolly conair i'iiom said emergency reservoir isadmit- Fig. 1 is ay diagrammaticvievv ofv triple valve .constructed inaccordancejwith this invention, the parts being'shown in full release and brake pipe reservoir charging position, tlierelease governing valve being in t y vquickreleasepositiongv. `One. of the important objectsy of the pres- Fig. 2a viewsimi'lar to Fig. l showing the parts, in service lap `position-g Fig. 3 a view similarto Fig. l showing the parts in emergency position;

Fig. .ai a detail `diagramiaiatic.View of the main. andsupple'mental slide valves in emergency reservoircharging position;

Figg a view similar to Fig. flshovving the supplemental slidevalve-in emergency lap Another object of this nvention is to'pro- 1 i position;

Fig. G a

release governing valve in graduated releaseipositiony yFig.vl 7 a detail diagrammatic view of the service application valve in servieeposition. In order to simplify the description of the triple valve, the various` parts and the ports vand passages Will not be specifically described exceptin connection With the various operations ofthe triple valve` p release and brake ,pipelreserooz'r chargposz'tz'on and. operation ig.. 1

AWhen 'charging the system air vpasses from vthebrake pipe through passage lto the main brake pipe chamber 2 in which are arranged the mainand supplemental valves. `Brake pipe air flows from` passage l ythrough passage 3into`the supplemental 'brake pipe 4chamber 4. `As the pressure equalizes on detail diagrammatic view of the 1924, Serial No. 742,560. Renewed July 13,1926. Original N0. 1 Application for reissue iiled August 3, 1927. Serial No. 210,440.`

-' port y12 ofthe supplemental. 12a of the main fslide valve,passage l3 .to

pipe vent valve l5, and

- to the of `the. supplemental :passage 19 of thev :main

lease position. of thevalve 6'* 22 by a cavity opposite sides ofthe supplemental lemer-v gency piston 5, said pistonisinop'erativeiat ythis time, that is to say it does not..m0ve. 2 brake., pipe pressure4 flows to the release lgoverliimgg; valvechamber1 Passage? is continued 'around the release governing valve and into From the chamber 6 'through ,passage L7.

xmental slide valve 'lrlis connected vto ithe stem .ofthe `pistoni?` and moves with VAit.A` The-main yslide valve is connected Vto vthe piston stem Iofthe supplemental 'emergencyfpiston 5 andv anovesavithsaid Apiston. In the release and ohargingiposition `ofthe 'main slide valve,

7piston 5 is lat the innermost limit of its move- .nieiit'aand rests .againstwa shoulder in the valve casing and visaheld `in that positionby .a supplemental Air @flows from vthe chamber 2 through slide valve, port chamber l `14 in .which .isarranged the brake holdssaid valve to Brake pipe .pressure is registered .in chamber 16 `beneath .valvefl5 through .passage r17-Whichf1is connected directly to Vbrake .pipe .passage l.: The :brake pipe vent valve ,'sprovided' .'withwa spring, which tends to hold it seated.lf1lhevv .spring and 'the superior downward l:torce on valve 15 hold the valve to its seat-exceptin emergency .ap- .plicatiom as lwillbehereinafter` described. `Air from chamber 2.passes through port y18 slide-valve, Yport and slide valve, passage 2O to port 2l in =the seat of the release :governing valve 6a. Port- 21 is closed WhenV the `release governing-:valve yis'inl raduated re- In the quick reIease position port21 is connected toa port inl the release .governing valve. Port 22 is connectedA by passage .221l to port and 4passage23 ofthe main slide valveancl by passage24 to .a lsupplemental 4emergency reservoir VchamberISG; In the passage 24 is arranged. achecklvalve V25 which prevents the lflow loft -air from port 22 chamber, said check valve-permit ting the flow of air in The check valve 25 air to chamber 36 operation.

y.The brake' pipe reservoiris 4chargedfrom chamber 2 through vport '26 of the lsupplemental slide valve, port`g27-of lthe main slide valve andpassage y'28. A brakeppipe resservoir chamber 29 fis. y posite side of piston y9 vfrom the Amain brake .pipe chamber .'2 and this chamber 29is conprevents the passage of lemergency spring arranged iin the supplemental brake pipehchamber 4.

. through .port

:erning valve @seatf through a cavity Ymain f slide valve the reverse direction.

during .the charging y ,.-hrough passa' `rectly. connecte v@ gencyv reservoir. chamber 36 through a pas` formed. ony the opnected.y to thebrake'V pipe reservoir passage t28 by Ya passage'() so thatbrake pipe reservoir pressure Will be registered in chamber .29, Asaid `pressure opposing the brake pipe pressure in .chamber When the brake: pipe, reservoir pressure in chamber 29 qiializes with brake .pipe pressure in chamber 2the` emergency spring 10 Will -movefthepiston' 9V and the supplemental slide valve l1 to emergency reservoir charg-v ying'posltion. u f 1 Emergency reservoir charging (Figs. 1 a

In the emergency. reservoir charging position ofthe supplemental slide valve the pressure of the spring 10:isv taken up by tivo stop shoulders on the stem of the-piston i9 and ceases `to-"exert any l.force tending to move the piston. 4In this position of the piston 9 an abutment thereon engages :theend of :the main slidev valve (see Fig. 4). In this the valves 'the' air kpressures on position of Y opposite sidesoftheipistons 5 and 9 are at anequality.v Air from chamber 2 -will pass v31 of thev supplemental slide valve, port 32 of the main slide valve, `pas` sage 33 to the emergency reservoir control'zl chamber 34. The control .chamber 34 is separated from the supplemental reservoir chamber 36-by a diaphragm 35 which vcar,-

iries anl emergency reservoir valve 35. Valve emer- 35 controlsl avpassage connecting` the gency ,reservoir to the chamber-36, as will be fully hereinafter set forth'.v y'Chamber 36 is at this time vented to atmosphere through .passage,2f1,-.past check valve 25, through portl and passagev23 of the main slide valve,

passage 22av to port 22 of the release govn In :the graduated .reilease position-'ofthe release governing valve I6,.port 22A is in said mospheric port A1,(see vFigp). In the quick :release position of' the valve .6al port 225s. connected by .the cavity inthevalve 6a to ,port2l, passage 20, `port and 4passage 19 of connected vto atmospherev valve and an at the; main slide valve, port'and passage 37 of@ l the supplementalfslide valve, port 38 of the and atmospheric port A2. The `emergency reservoir is charged from chamber'2 through port 26 of the supplemental slide valve, port 26Et ofthe mai-n slide valve',fpassage y39, past check valve 40 Vto the` 1resenvoir;- .The emergency. reservoir chamber41 of the application valve is con` nected directly to the emergency reservoir .to the -jsupplemental lemerlsage controlled lby the yemergency :reservoir system-is fully vcharged and the parts `are e .42.' Chamber 41- is dii diaphragms retention chamber 76. Below the emer-v `the same as service lap position.

Ser/vice application position (Figs. 2 and 7).

The service application valve 44 is operativel connected-by a lever 44a to a pulsating diaphragm structure. This structure consists of an actuating diaphragm A, an equalizing i diaphragm B and `an emergency diaphragm C. The actuating diaphragm forms one wall of the actuating chamber 8 in which chamber is arranged `the operating lever 44. Between `the diaphragms A and B formed an equalizing 'brake cylinder chamber 48 and between the B `and -C `is formed a gency reservoir diaphragm C is formed the emergency reservoir chamber 41, hereinbefore referred to. A` rigid wall separatesv the chamberl 41 from the supplemental emergericyreservoir chamber 36, and the emergency reservoir valve 35 controls a passage through said wall. 'lhe service application valve moves in response to variations of pressure in the chambers formed by the said diaphragms, as will be fully described herein. The lequalizing diaphragm B is larger in diameter than the actuating dia.- phragm and the emergency diaphragm.

`Thel emergency diaphragml C is smaller in area than the actuating dlaphragm A. The

equalizing" diaphragm B is larger in area than the actuating diaphragm and the emergency diaphragm inorder that the desired brake cylinder pressure will 4'be built up vin the brake'cylinder be'fore'the service application valve is moved to lap position, as hereinafter described. The emergency reservoir diaphragm C is slightlyv smaller than the actuating diaphragm A in order that when there is an equality of pressures in chamber 8 and chamber 41 the diaphragm will be moved to hold the service application valve in release position. This ensures the release `position of the service application valve when the system is fullyy charged. The diaphragm structure hasta vslight longitudinal movement and fixed rigid stops are provided to arrest the diaphragm structure and thev service valve in applicationposition and 1n release position.v L

lVhen a. service application of the `brakes `is desired a service reduction in brake pipe pressure 1s made in the usual manner through the engineers brake valve and re- `sults in a reduction ot pressure m chambers 2, 4 and 8. `As the pressure in chaii'ibers 2 and `4vwill be reduced uniformly there will be notendency to move the pist-on A `service reduction of pressure in chamber 2 will not createa sufficient differential of pressure in chambers 29 and 2 to cause a movement of the piston 9. Theemergency lspring 10 and the supplemental 1 emeigency 'spring -operating on the piston 5 will hold undisturbed emergency reservoir pressure in chamber 41 and the diaphragms will be moved upwardly and the valve 44 will be moved to service position. as shown in Fig. 7. Brake pipe air will flow to the mingling chamber 45 through passage 46 which leads into brake pipe chamber 8.

Brake pipe reservoir air will flow into` the mingling chamber through passage 47 which is connected directly to brake pipe reservoir passage 28. From the mingling chamber 45 air will flow to the brake cylinder equalizing chamber 48 through passage 49. From the chamber 48 air will flow to the brake cylinder through `passage 50 which connects directly to vbrake cylinder passage G4. f Then the proper brake cylinder-pressure is developed inv chamber 48 in "proportion to `the brake pipereduction reg- .If it be desiredto'increase the brake 'cylinder pressure a furtherreductionof brake pipe pressure in chamberS will-result in the servicevalve moving to application position with the resultthat the 4brake cyl-` inder pressure will be built up in proportion to the brake pipe reduction. l

Then the service 4valve 44 is in application position brake pipereservoir air flows to the brake cylinder through the mingling chamber 45- and passage 49, as herein described.' 'lhe result o't' this is that the pressure in the brake pipe reservoir chamber 29 is reduced. As chamber 2 and chamber 29 are connected to the mingling chamber there will be a substantial'equalization of pressures in said chamberswhile' the valve 44 is in application position. The service application valve `will''grespond practically instantly` to/the reduction of pressure in chamber 8 with the result vthat `the pressure vin chamber 9.9 will be connected to the @mingling chamber and to chamber 2, th rough chamber 8 and passage 7, beforethere cau be a suiiicient reduction of pressure in chamber 2 to cause a movement of the piston 9 land the main `and supplemental slide valves.

Should there he a tendency for the fbrakehber 2,` to readily compress spring and pipe reservoir pressure in vchamber .-29 Ito move the piston to the left, during a service operation, against the lresistance of` the two springs `and friction of the main slide valve,

a slight movement ofthe main slide valve Will place port 129 -of'the main slide `valve in vconnection with the port v128, Which port V is an extension of passage 28. APort 129,is

inconnection kwith port fand-.passage 2 6 of the supplemental slide valve, and this port is in communication with chamber 2. e Air may then pass ,from chamber 29 through passage 30, passage 28, port .128,.1port 129, and port 26 Ainto the chamber 2. ,'Port l129 lis of the proper size to permitan apin chambers 29 and 2 during a service reductionvof pressure in chamber 2. This arrangement .of .ports avill alsoserve ,toirelieve the A brake pipepreservoir in fchamber 429 of an .over-charge and will also prevent uiidegired emergency action. `Whemhowever, an einergency reductiony of ,brake pipe pressure is made port 129 will pass Yoverport 128 With-l out appreciable rloss of pressurein chamber i bui-ing the service operation thechamber 36 will be vented vto atmosphere and the chamber 34 will be connected to .chamber 2 so-that the Valve 35 will ybe` held-closed, :as

shownin Figs. `2 and 7 Release 'fwz'tithe release governing salve iin g1/ick release positiv/a (Figrl).

The release governing valve stem -is moved to its innermost .positiomas shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, infordertoplace the release governing -valve 6al in` position for the :quick release ofbrake cylinder pressure. -To release the 'brake cylinder pressure after a *service application, -the hrakepi-pe pressure f is increased. This results in an ,increase fof pressure 1n chamber2 above `the ybrake pipe reservoir pressure in chamber 29 andthe piston 9 is moved to, the right or toward f thevchamber 29. The piston 9-carries with it the' supplementalslide valve 11, .the -main slide valve remaining stationary, the rparts assuming the position shown in 'Fig-1. y'The pressure iii lchamber 8 will be'-increased by :aflow ofair through passage 7 and the diaphragms and the valve 44. will Ibe forced kto release position', as shown-in Fig, 1. Air will flow lfrorrnthe.brake4 pipe reservoir chamber'29 throughpa'ssageg, lto a port inv the seat of theserViCe-valVe 444. AIn the release position of the service valve, cavity 72 thereof connects passage 73 to passage 75 .which leads to a port inthe release governing valve seat, A ycavity in the release v governing valve connects port to a quick release chamber 74. This resultsin a rreduction of pressure in chamber 29 and :permits the increasing brake pipe pressureV in chamrrnos? carry the piston 9l and the valve 11 to release position. When'the releaige governing valveV is inA graduated release position the quick release chamber' 74 is cut off from the passage 75 and placed in direct communication with the release governing valve chamber 6.

This prevents a reduction of brake pipe reservoir -pressure in Vchamber 29 through passage 75 when theservice application valve 44 .is in release position.. lVhen the l'ser-vice yapplication valve 44 is in lap position, as

quick release 'chamber 74`Will be vented-to atmosphere in the lap position, of the service valve. The brake cylinder .pressure will ybe released yto Vatmosphere through the brake cylinder passagef64, port 64a inthe mainslide valve, cavity 67 of the supplemental slide valve, port 68'.0f the main slide valve, ypas-` sage .68 which vleads to the seat ofthe release .governing val-ve, cavity 68b yofthe release Vgoverning.valve and atmospheric port A3.

Brake cylinder pressure will be-,releasedto atmosphere from the brake cylinder cham- 'ber 48 to the atmospheric port A4,y through ports and .passages which will be fully set yforth in the :description of the :graduated release operation' of the E'triple valve. Brake cylinder pressure from chamber 76 will be released 1to atmospherelthrough atmospheric Y port vrA5, through ports and passages which .Willbe .fully set forth inthe vdescription of Athe graduated.releaseoperation of the triple valve.. n

Y l/Vhen ythe release governing valve is in quick vrelease, position the chamber 76 is at all .times open to atmosphere Ythrough passage 77, a cavity inthe release governing valve, passage 78, cavity `79 iii the main slide vvalve and atmospheric port A72. When the release governing valve is'adjusted lto graduated release position passage 77 lis closed, as shown in Fig.6.` Y

With theV main and supplemental slide valvesin full .release position, as illustrated in Fig. 1, the control chamber 34 Will-be vented to atmosphere through passage 33, port 32 of the main slide valve, cavity 69 ofthe supplemental slide valve,` port and passage 58 of the main slide valve, passage 70 Vwhich leads to aport in the release governing valve seat, cavity 7 (la of the release governing valve and atmospheric port A6. When the -chamber 34 is thusvented yto ratmosphere the emergency reservoir pressure inchamber 41 forces the emergency reservoir valve 35' Afrom 'its seat and emergency reservoir a-ir flows from chamber 41 into chamber 36 and thence passage 23 ofthe main slide valve, passage 22 to port 22, which `at this time opens into a cavity in the release governing valve which cavity connects said port to the port and From passage 20 the air flows directly through the "pas-v passage21 and passage 20.

sage 19 inthe mainslide valve''and .then

through port 18 of the supplemental lslide valve into the main brake pipe `chamber 2. From chamber 2 the increased airl pressure ilows through passa-ge 1 to lthebralna'pipe.

By t-hus connecting the emergency reservoir. to the brake pipethebrake pipe pres'surefis.l

` lease governing valve ingraduated release position, as'slio'wn infFig. 6. With the rfelease governingvalve in graduated release' position passage 77 'from the retention chamber 76 is closed, and the quick release cham-` ber 74 is connected direct-ly `to the release governing valve chamber 6, `ashereinbefore described.` Passagev 75 is closed to prevent the venting of air` rom chamber-29 during release operations. The brake cylinder ein` haust port 68 is closed to prevent 4the escape;

in chamber 41, at Which time all of the brake of `bra-ke cylinder pressure through the re.-

lease governing valve. Passage is closed tolprevent the venting of the control cham-` ber 84 when the main and supplemental slide valves are moved to release positions. Port;

21 is closed lto prevent the passage of emergency reservoir air to chamber 2; and port` 22 is connected to atmospheric port A* in order to vent the supple-mental emergency reservoir chamber 36 to atmosphere;

To release the brake cylinder pressure after a service applicat-ion of the brakes, and

with the release governing valve in gradu ated release position the brake pipe pressure is increased inthe usual Way and this re` sults `in an increase of pressure in chambers `2, 4 and 8. The emergency piston 9 and the` supplemental slide valve will be moved torelease position, but this Will be an idle operation because the brake cylinder exhaust` through the main slide Vvalve has been cut o by the 'adjustment of the release govern-'f ing valve. The increase vin pressure in chamber 8 will move the actuating diaphragm A. downwardly and carry the service slidevalve from service lap position, as shown in Fig.`

2, to release position, as shovvn in fFig.` 1.

The brake cylinder will be vented to atmos-l phere through passage 50, chamber 48, passage 49, `chamber 80 of the service applica-` tion valve,passage 81, cavity 82 of themain :slide valve, and atmospheric port A4. .From

1 apartial release of the brake cylinder pressure is desired the brakev pipe pressure Will only be partially returned to.y normal, the increase in brake pipe pressure governing the amount of" brake cylinder. pressure released.` i When the brake cylinder pressure 1n chamber 48 has been suiicient-ly reduced to permit the emergency reservoir pressure in chamber 41 to `prevail 4overs theincreasedubrake pipe pressure. in chamber 8 the service slide valve 44 will `be moved back to lap position. .In the lap osition of the. service valve (see Fig. 2) t 1e retention chamber 76 is in communication 4with the atmosphere through passage A83, blo\vdown port and passage 89` of the valve 44," passageSl, cavity 82 of the mainv slide valve and atmospheric port A4. This vent .will permitnthe yescape of any pressure trapped in chamber 76 by the movement of the service valveto lap position. Thisoperation mayl be continued yin steps untilfvthe pressure; in chamber 8 has been stepped up. to an equality `Wit-h the pressure cylinder pressure will have been released.

`The blow-down port 89 is quite small so that the pressure in thebrake cylinder and in thechamber 76 will be retained at af diminishing pressure for afew seconds.-

and tends to move the service .valve back to` lap position.` If, Whilelthere is pressure in the retention chamber 76, the'brake pipe pressure is reduced inorder tobring about anotherk application of thebrakes, or an increased application of the brakes, the service valve `vvill again move to applic'ationposition and airunder pressure Will again be delivered'to the brake cylinder.` It is to be noted that when the service valve again goes` to service position thev ports 84 andvl passage 89 y areclosed,

thereby preventing any further blovvldovvn pressure vfrom the retention chamberf76- pres`v sure must novvv be 4built up an additionalV (Fig. i 7).` The -brake` cylinder amount to overcome the differential energy createdvon` the controlling diaphragInB the pressure retained iny chamber 76. Air will continuato ilow into thejbrake cylinder until the pressure has been'built up suf` cently to compensate for the `loss of pres-` 83 `and llll sure-in chamber'S and also'to overcome the pressure in chamber-7 6. This will result 1n ahigher brakecylinder pressuretllan would have.: resulted ordinarily, Aorf in` the firstI Ainstance,I fromy the given' brakepipe reduction.

'Should the engineman again` increase his brake pipepressurefor release,` orlappar- When the' said val sure' -will be built tial' release-of'brakes. thevalve 44 will again e connect the brake cylinder controlling chamber 48` to the 'retention chamberfand to atmosphre.- f Should ythe'engineman' 'then vagainv reducel the l brake' pipe "pressure the brakecylinder pressure will 'bef'stillf further built up. This is what is knownas-cyclingJ `:mdf-is Athe ordinary` and@l usual'. ,operations when running dow-n grade 11j-train equipped with thel (standard Westinghousel freight brake( yWhen. 'the-grade is heavy'the cycling operations.' yare frequent' and the peri#y ods2 of application;and-holding,v and release and-recharging are short; sixty seconds, a-nd'this Short cycling will'result in'` building up a heavy brake cylinder pressure. Where-the ,g'radevjisl lowI the cycling periods are longer,l V'and theslowcycling-Will-not build.' up 4as heavy inder pressure 4es will bhe rapid cause the vbrake cylinder press Y ressvureretainedE lin :the retention* chamber der pressure during the cycling-operations; It isfmfanifest therefore that ifl the release` Y and-recharging periods are brieff as when braking-on heavy grades; agreater pressure Willbefretainedi in the retentioifiY chamber 76l eater brake cylinderV andI consequenty a t pressuremust be buil t upon'the lnext-service operationV in orderto overcome the retained'"pressure in ,chamberV 76; When the frequent7` when brake cycles are' lessbraking'l onflight grad ,1' the release-andere# charging operations are longV and the pressureA in `cha-neben* 761' has a greater. time during 'Y which it may blow vdow-n' through.y the passage-'89.' The. resulty of this is.` that the buildup lofi brakeV cylinder lDressure on the next4 application-andholdlng operation will'not be so great because there 1- will not'be as-highva--pressurein GhemberfV as therewould havebeen ifthe application and-holding operation followed l a! short Y 'release-nd-re-chargingoperation;' It is also.-y chargingoperation is continued for a considerable* period the down completely andlv then upon the next'- ake cylinderxpresw upyonly iniproportiontomanifest that' if the release-and-reV pressureinchamber 76 will Iblow service application the br the dilierential areawoffthe'diaphragms for a given- -brake pipefreduction. When the service valvepis 1n release positionthefentire brake cylinder pressure is ree-'to-'blbwdowm ve isYin'lap'positicm` any about! thirty to abrakef cyl j cyclingbe` ure will`-` bev released; 1to1 a lower 'pressure andE likewisey the pressure in leharnb'ar 76;'y "lheemountV off vperiod of pressurein the retentionfchamber is freeto i blow downthrough the restricted port-.89. When the; valve 44 assumes service position `'after a release or aft-er it hasfassumed re lease lap position, "any pressure remaining qu in the control chamber or inthe retention-t, chamber Willibe-tra'ppedv4 therein and cannot'I blow'down. It is therefore clear that, ithe` 'amount ofi `pressure trapped' in: the;'bralte cylinder `.and inschamber 48 will: dependm uponv the periodof timejbetween,thelreleaseal operation of the service valve-and" the Inove- `ment of saidvalve tovlappositionyand that. the amount of pressure trapped in thel reV tention chamber 7 6 will depend upen them `period of time'between the release' operi, ti011 ,of the valve 44 'and the next service application'movementiroffsaid Val'vef l' Emergency application position (Figs.4 3 y and.5). 85

Anv emergency operation f of the triple y valve is producedf by asudden and great reduction of bra-ke pipe pressure-in the usual manner. bra-kev pipe Y pressure the pressure in 'chamber 2=is quie-kl reduc-edconsiderably below pressure in tile brakepipe reservoir chamber.- 29,V and the superior pressurein seidv cham# berfmoves therv piston 9 andthe main andi 95- suppleinental slide valves tol emergency position (Fig: vThe movementI of the piston v 9'eompres'ses the main emergency spring 10vv and the supplemental emergency spr-ing` 66. Asv the main .s1-ide valve' l43 moves towardV um the left to emergency position conrnnuniuu,- tionl is established from chamber V4v toi at` mosphere-through passage v5l, port and passage 5 2 ofthe mainV slide valve, -cavity 53 ofl the supplemental slide-valve, pas. )orf sage' 54 ofn'theY mainslide vulvet-o atmos plieric port A5: The rapid reduction of pressure ini'chamber-l reduces the resistance to' the movementliof the piston 9 and permits said`-'piston to be? erated to Vemergency position.v Y The port- 52foffthe main slide valve is extende'dfon the face ofthe valve so that `it isalways in communi'cationwith passage 5l'. A'slight movement of the'main slide valve towardv the im v--left places theport 54 in communication with the atmospheric port A and these-ports remain in communication during the -comp l'etionof the movement ofthe maint slide valve* 'toemergency positioni The ch`a'm512o yberl4 aboveth'e brake pipe vent valve 15 is ventedlto atmosphere through passage 13; portr55 ofthe main slide valve, cavity-560i the supy'olementalII slide v valve port 57 of the mainslirl'e-val've and atmospheric port A. 125 TheV brake pipe pressure'belowthisfvalve 4thereupon` opens it and the brake pipeis ventedy to atmosphere directly f through-- pasi I t sage 1'?,- chamber l'and the-"largeexhaust` pOIt 16"- 'TliCfcentrOlchamberunder the-1130 Upon' an emergency reduction of 9H y positively -andfquekl'y oplm s enfergency reservoir valve is vented to atmosphcre through passage 33,

themain slidevalve and atmospheric port A8. The. emergency.reservoir pressure in chami` ber 41 forces valve 35 `from its seat and emergency reservoir air` will iow: from chamber 41int'o chamber 3(3,then through passageservice position and thereWill be an equalization Iof pressures in chambers 8, 48 and 41.` The emergency brake cylinder presssure 4will pass through passage 50, chamber 48l and thence through passage 49 to the mingling chamber "45 and thence to chamber 8 `through passage46. Chamber 8 is connected to chamber 2 by passage 7. There 1will therefore be equalized brake cylinder pressure on opposite sides ofpiston 9 and also in chambers 8, 48 and 41. In the emergencyvposition ofthe main slide valve the brake pipe passage `1 is closed.

l Emergency Zap position When the pressures have `equalized on op posite sides of the piston `9 the main einergencyspring `10moves the piston 9 and the supplemental slide valve 1.1 to emergency lap position as shown in Fig. 5. In this position of the supplemental slide valve, chamber` 14 `above the valve 15 is cut off from the atmospheric portA* and placed in communication With'the brake pipe through passage 13, port l55` of the main `slide valve,

passage 56 of the supplemental slide valve,` port 52 of the main slide valve, and passage 51 tothe chamber 4. Chamber 4A is in com-` `munication with "the brake pipe throughA passages 3 and 1. i

To move the triple valve to release position from `emergency lap position'the brake pipe pressure is increased-in the usual many ner. This results in an increase in pressure in chamber 4. When the pressure in chamber 4 plus the forcel of the spring 66 overbalances the. emergency brake cylinder pressure in `chamber 2 the supplemental 1 emergency piston 5 and the main slide-valve 43 will be moved to the right to full release anldcharging position as` shown in-Fig. 1. This'fmovement of the main slide valve uncovers passage 1 and permits the increasing ressure toflow into chamber 2 and `from,cllamber .2 through passage 7 to chamber 8. The increase in pressure in chainber 8 forces the actuating `diaphragm and the service application valve 44 to release position.` The piston `.and rthe supplemental passage 58 of vposit-ion,

slide` valve lvvill be moved to -full release compressing the main emergency spring 10, as shown in Fig. 1. `The parts are now in full release andbrakepipe reservoir charging position, as shown in Fig. 1,

inbefore described;` i i i i ,l

What We claim is :4 u y i i.

1; A triple valve for air `brake apparatus comprising a service valve operating upon a service" reduction of brake pipe pressureto connect a brake pipe and a brake pipe reservoir to the brake cylinder for a Service application of the brakes, and main and supplemental slide valves responding only to a sudden `and prolonged reduction `of brake pipe pressure toLplace the emergency reservoir in communication with the brake cylin-y .der for an emergency application ofl the brakes, the service valve andthe main and supplemental slide valves moving to release position upon an increase of brake pipe pressure after an applicationfof the brakes.

A triple valve in accordance with claim l, combined with means whereby-the main slide vvalve `in emergency position connects the brake `pipe reservoir vand the emergency reservoir to the brake cylinder and cuts '0H the' brake pipe reservoir from the brake pipe.

3. A triple valve inaccordance With claim 1, combined with means whereby the maim slide valve in emergency position connects the brake pipe reservoir and the emergency reservoir to tlie brake cylinder and cuts off brake pipe reservoir from thev brake pipe,

andnieans whereby tlie mainand supplemental slide valves in release position con# neet-thel emergency reservoirto `the brake pipe for a quick-release of thebrakes.`

.u 4. A triple valve in accordance with claim 1, vcombined 4with means' whereby i the main slide valve in emergency position-connects thev brake pipe reservoir and the emergency reservoirV to the brake cylinder and cuts of brake pipe reservoirv from the brake pipe, means whereby the main and supplemental slidevalves in release position connect the emergency reservoir to the .brake pipe for a quick release of the brakes, a release governing valve having a quick release position and a graduatedrelease position, said valve in graduated release positionpreventing the emergency reservoir 4air-passing the brake pipe when thevmain slide valve is in release position, and in quickrelease position permitting the main and supplemental `slide valves to connect the emergency reservoirto the brake pipevand the brake cylinder to an exhaust port through the saidrelease governink,lr valve.`

`5. A triple valve in'accord'ance with claim 1, combined With means whereby when the main and supplemental slide valves are iu andthe reservoir will be` re-chargedias here` nected to the brake pipe'reservoir and upon mental slide valve 1 comprising a service valve subject to brake voir-pressures and operating'upon 'ay reduclk pipe,A brake cylinder andl emergencyv resertionfof brake pipe pressure to place the brake pipe and a brake pipe'reservoir in communication; with the brake cylinder for a service j application of the brakes, tli'e brake cylinderpressure .assisting the brake pipev pressurev l5 `in moving the y service valve to lap position, main and supplemental slideV valves subject to brake ipe and brakeu pipe reservoir pres-gA sures.I an operated by brakepipe reservoir pressure to emergency position on'lyupon a sudden and prolonged.l reduction lof vbrake pipe-pressure, said slide valves' in emergency pipev whereby the release oflbrake cylinderr the main:

' applicatiim' of the brakes, 1 plication; valvevoperating upon an increase position l," connecting theemergency and the brake pipe reservoirs kto the vbrakecylinder for an emergency application of the brakes.

`LA triple valve 4in` accordance with claim 6, and provided'with means whereby will cut off communication betweenr the brake pipe reservoirv and the' brakerpipe.

8.. A triple' valve in "accordance Withfclaim 6, providedifwith means Whereby'thefmain slide` valve in vfull release positiony will con--l nectvthe emergency reservoir to the brake:

pipefor afquick release of the brakes.

9."-A triple valve in accordance with claim; '6, .provided i with: a release' governing valve having a vgraduated' release posit-ion anda quick releaseposition, saidvalve in itsfgrad-` uated releasefposition rendering the main eX- yliaust port' of the main slide valveinei'ective in its release positionv and preventing the pressure will be controlled' by the service application valve, said release governing valve in;` itsv quickr release' I main. slide valve-effective in its full release position to admit theemergency reservoir air intothe brake' pipe for a` quick release ofv the brakes. v s

10. A triplel valve operating' uponV a slow reduction of brake ipe 4pressure toadmit air to the brake cylin el' fol aser-vice application ofthe brakes andl operating uponfa su'dden reduction ofbrake pipe pressure to admit emergency reservoir air tothe brake cylinder 'for an emergency application of the brakes-.fandy operating upon `ani increase in brake pipe=pressure to connect the brake cylinder to atmosphere and providedv with a serviceapplication valve operating upon a slow reduction of `brake pipe pressure to admit air to the brake cylinder for a service said servicev ap'- pressures jin the brake-y pipe reservoir the supplebrake pipe to the emer-` slide valve in emergency position in' graduated.' release position rendering the of the brakes,

inbraken-pipe pressurefto connect the brake-il cyl-iiider'to atmosphere,a main slideY valve,

means 'opera-ting'- brake pipe pres# a, supplemental: slide valve, uponz asudden reduction of sure 'to movethe main and supplementalv slide valves to emergency positionfto conLIV nectthe emergency reservoir Ato the brake:`

applicationk valve-'andl the mainua'nd supple mental slide valves to release position.

l1'. A triple Y val-ve .in` accordance withl claim: 10,' provided with anemergency reservoir valve, means whereby1 the main slide valve in-emergency position will open: saidy valve andV permit the @emergency reservoi r air to. flow tothe brake'cylindenand means-v whereby the main: slide valve' infull-releasel position will open.x said; emergency reservoir" valve-ands permit the-emergency reservoir airW to--iiowto the brake pipe. l

12:; A: triple valve in accordance with claim 10, providedwith an ,emergencyreservoir valve, means. whereby the main slidef valveiii emergency` position willl opeii1said= valve vand permit the emenegency reservoir' air to IioW-z to the brake cylinder, inea-nsl whereby: the main slidevalve in full release position will open said emergency reservoirf valve and permitthe emergency reservoir air to flow to the brake pipe, and a release governing valve having' a quick' release position and a graduated release'positi'on, said valve position preventing the opening' of the Aemergency reservoir valve position.

13. A triple valve in'accordancefwith claim" 10, means being provided' whereby'fthe service-application valve in service position will connect the brake pipe anda brake pipe augmenting reservoir to the brake cylinder for a service application ofthe brakes and" with meansW-hereby the niain slide valve in emergency position connects the brake Vpipe reservoir and the emergency reservoir to the brakecylin'der for 'anl emergency application of the brakes, tliemain slide'valve in emergency position 'closingk communication between thebrake pipe; reservoir and the brake pipe:4 y

14. A' triple valvevl in 'accordancel with claim 10, provided w-itlimeans whereby the service application valve in service position Will-connect thefbr'ake pipe and'abrake. pipe augmenting reservoir-to the brake cylinder for a service application of the brakes',` means whereby the main slide valve in emergency position connects thebrake pipe' reservoir andthe emergency reservoir to the' brake cylinder for an `'emergency application the main slide valve; ini emergency position' clositig' communicationL between the brake' pipe" reservoir. andl thefbrake pipe;'a brake pipe vent valve,

duction ot' a brake cylinder brakes and opera I brake pipe pr` t tile brak'.rx cylin der to atn'iosplicre and cra'ipiising a service application valve subject to brake pipe, brake c linder and em vncy r 'oir pressures, said application `valve opeiaianm upon a deisc in brake pipe 'iliressureto connect the e pipe and brake pip-c referifoii' to the brake cylinder lfor a service application oi" the brakes `and operating upon an increase in brake pipepressureto connect the brake cylinder to atmosphere, mainy and supplemental slide valves, a piston operatively connected thereto, means ivl reby a sudden re duction in brake pipe prcssur vfill i'nove the main and supplemental slide valves to einer* gency position to connect the emergency reservoir to the brake cyl'nder, and means whereby an increase in brake pipe pressure will move the main and supplemental slide lvalvesand the piston connected there-to to refor a service application of thebiakes, iii-Fansv wliercbytlie main slide valve. in emergency position connects. the brake pipe reservoir and the emergency reservoir to the bral-:e cylinder tor an emergency application oI the brakes, position closing communication between` the brake pipe reservoir and the brake pipe, and a reliasc `governing valve having a graiiluated release posit-ion ano a quick release position, said valve in its graduated release position cl( ig the main brake. cylinder exhaust through the main slide valve and in its quick release position rendering the main slide valve` oper: tive in release operations.

v1T. A triple valve inA accordance with claim l0, provided With means Wherebythe service application valve in service position will connect the brake pipe and a brake pipe auen'icnting reservoir to the brake cylinder AFV s v n v tor a service application of the brakes` niicans whereby the main slide valve in einergency position connects the brake` pipe reservoir and the emergency reservoir to the brake cylinder Vforen emergency application of the. brakes, the main slide lvalve in emergcncy position closing communication loetu-'centhe brake pipe reservoir and the brake pipe, a release governing valve `having a graduated release position and a quick release position, said valve in its graduated rcthe main slide valve in emergency` vslide valve in i'ull release position Will open said emergency reservoir `valve and permit the eniergency reservoir air to lovv to the brake pipe for a quickrelease of the brakes.

i 1 8. A triple valve in accordance with claim 10, provided with means whereby the service application valve in service position Will connectthe brake pipe anda brake pipe augmenting reservoir to the brake cylinder ior a service application of the b-rakes, means whereby the main slide valve in emergency position connects the brake pipe reservoir and the emergency reservoir to the brake cylinder it'or an emergency application oit the brakes, the main slide valve in emergency position closing communication betiveen the brake pipe reservoir and the brake pipe, a release governing valve having a graduated release position `and a quick release position, said valve in its graduated release positionclosing themain brake cylinder exhaust through the main slide-*valve and in its quick release position rendering the main slide valve operative 'inrelease operations, an emergency reservoir valve, means whereby the main slide valve inemergency position will open said valve and permit the emergency reservoir air to How to the brake cylinder, means whereby the main slide valve in full release position Will open said emergency reservoir valve and permit the emergency reservoir air to How to the brake pipe for a quick release of the brakes, and means whereby the release governing valve in graduated release position will prevent the opening of the emergency reservoir valve when the main slide vvalve is in ull release position.

19. A triple valve operating upon av reduction of brakepipe pressure to admit air to a brake .cylinder for an application of the brakes and operating upon an increase in brake pipe pressure to connect the brake cylinder to` atmosphere, and provided Wit-h a service application valve subject to brake pipe, brake `cylinder and emergency reservoirpressures, said application valve operating upon an increase in brake pipe pressure atteian application of the brakes to admit brake cylinder pressure to oppose the brake cylinder pressure introduced into said application valve structure upon the appliies' lll)

V20. A triple valve operating upon a rei duction of brake pipe pressure'to' admit air to the brake cylinder `for an application of' the brakes and operating upon an increaseA in brake pipe pressure toV connect the brake cylinder to atmosphere, and provided with Ya service application valve operating means consisting ofA an actuating diaphragm, an equalizing diaphragm, Van emergency diaphragm, an actuating chamber 1n direct communication with the brake pipe, anY

equalizing chambervbetween the actuating diaphragm and the equalizing diaphragm and in communication with the brake cylinder, a retention chamber between the equal- Y brakes Aand operating upon an increase in brake pipe pressure to connect the brake cylinder to atmosphere, and provided ywith a service application valve operating means consisting of an actuating diaphragm, an equalizing diaphragm, an emergency diavphragm, an actuating chamber in direct communication with the brake pipe, an equalizing chamber between the actuating diaphragm and-the equalizing diaphragm and in communication With the brake cylinder, a retention chamber between the equalizing diaphragm and the emergency diaphragm iandk an vemergency reservoir chamber in communication@ with the emergency reservoir, aservice application valve operatively connected to said diaphragm and in its application position admitting air .to the equalizing chamber and brake cylinder, in its release position connecting the equalizing chamber to the retention chamber and in its lap position closing said communication,and means to permit the pressure in the retention chamber to slowly blow down to atmosphere in the release positionand in the lap position of the said service-valve.

22. In a triple valve operating upon a reduction of brake pipe pressurel to admit airv jto the brake cylinder for an application of the brakes and operating upon. an increase in pressure t0 exhaust air from -the brake cylinder,v and a service application valve operated byl rapidly repeated increases and decreases in brake pipe pressure to build up vthe brake cylinder pressure.

23, In a vtriple valve operating upon a reduction of brake pipe pressure to admit air to the brake cylinder forv an application of the brakes and operating upon an increase in brake pipe pressure to connect the brake cylinder to atmosphere, a service application Y valve subject to brake pipe, brake cylinder and emergency reservoir pressures, the brake cylinder pressure moving said service valve to lap position, and means whereby the brake cylinder pressure Willr be built up by the build-up of brake cylinder pressurey depending upon the rapidity of the cycling operations.

25. In a triple valve operating upon a reductionl of brake pipe pressure to admit air to the brake cylinlder for an application of the brakes and operating upon an increase in brake pipe pressure to connect the brake cylinder to atmosphere, a service application valve to build up brake cylinder pressure by cycling Operations, the extent of the build-up of brake cylinder pressure depending upon the rapidity of the cycling operations, and a release governing valve having a graduated-release position and a quickvrelease position, said valve in its quick-release position preventing the build-up of brake cylinder pressure and in its graduatedrelease position permitting the said build-up of brake cylinder pressure.

26. In a triple valve operating upon a reduction of brake pipe pressure to admit air to the brake cylinder for an application of the brakes and operating ,uponl an increase in brake pipe pressure to connect the brake cylinder to atmosphere, a service applica- -tion valve having an actuating diaphragm,

an equalizing diaphragm, an emergency diaphragm, an actuating chamber in direct cqualizing chamber between the actuating diaphragm and the equalizing diaphragm and in communication with the brake cylinder, aretention chamber between the equalizing diaphragm and the emergency diaphragm and an emergency reservoir chamberV in communication with the emergency reservoir, the service application valve being operatively connected to said diaphragms Ycommunication with the brake pipe, an,

`exhaust from said chamber.

release position providing a free quick exhaust from the retention chamber and in its graduated release position closing said 27. In va triple valve operating to service position upon a reduction of -bralre pipe pressure and to release position 'upon an increase in brake pipe pressure, a service application valve, a retention chamber, means operating upon an increase in v'brake pipe pressure to move the said Iservice valve torelease position to connect the brake cylinder to the retention chamberfand toatniosphere, and means to Imove said service valveto lap position to close communication betvveen the brake cylinder land the` retention chamber.

28. A triple valve operating upona reduction of brake pipe pressure to admit air to a. brake cylinder for an application of the brakes and operating upon an increase in brake pipe pressure to connect the brake cylinder toI atmosphere and comprising a ser- 'vice application 'valve subject' to brake pipe, bralre cylinder, 4and emergency reservior pressures, said applicationl valve operating upon a `decrease in bral-:e pipe pressure to connect the brake pipe and brake pipe reser-v voir to the brake cylinder-"tor a service application of the brakes and operating upon an increase in brake pipe pressure to conne-ct `the `brake cylinder to'atmosphere, a main brake pipe chamber, main and supplemental slide valves 1n said chamber, an emergency and release piston operatively connected to V said valves and subject on one side to the pressure in the main brake pipe chamber, a

brake ipc reservoir chamber on the opposite side o said piston from the main brake pipe chamber, a supplemental enieigencypiston connected to the main slide valve andv subject to the pressure iii the `main brake pipe chamber` said supplemental piston' being smaller in area than the emergency and release piston, a supplemental `brake pipe chamber on the opposite side of the supplemental emergency piston fromV the main brake pipe chamber, whereby upon a"sudden reduction in brake pipe pressure in the main brake pipe chamber the pressurein the brake pipe reservoir chamber will move the main and supplemental slide vvalves to emergency position, means whereby the supplemental brake pipe chamber vvill be vented to atmosphere duringthe movement of the main and supplemental slide valves to emergency position,`mea`ns `Wherebythe emergency reservoir will be connected to the brake pipe reservoir chamber through the main slide valve when said .valve is in emergency position, and means whereby emergency reservoir and brake pipe reservoir air may tlovv .from the brake pipe reservoir chamber to the brake cylinder when the main slide valve is in emergency position. y

29. A triple valve in accordance with claim 28, provided with a brake pipe vent valve and means whereby when the main and supplemental slide valves are in emergency position,` said ventvalve will be opened and the braltepipe vented to atmosphere` 30. A triple valve in accordance with claim 28, provided With a brake pipe vent valve-and means whereby when the main and supplemental slide valves are in emergency position said vent valve will be opened and the brake pipe vented to atmosphere, and means whereby upon an equalization of emergency brake `cylinder' pressure in the main brake pipe chamber and in the brake pipe reservoir chamber `the supplemental slide valve Will be moved to emergency lap position thereby closing the vent from the supplemental brake' pipe chamber and also permitting the brake pipe vent valve to be closed by brake pipe pressure. y l

31. A triple valve in accordance With claim` 28, provided `With a brake pipevent valve and means vwhereby when' the main and supplemental slide' Valves are in emergency position saidvent valve'vvill beopened and the brake pipelvented to atmosphere, and means whereby upon an equalization of emergency vbrake cylinder pressure in the main brake pipe chamber and in the brake pipe reservoir' chamber the supplemental slide valve will be moved to emergency lap position thereby closing the vent from the supplementalibrake pipe chamber and also permitting the 'brake pipe vent valve to be closed by brake pipe pressure, and means whereby the service application valve when moved to release position by an increase in brake pipe pressure will connect the bralrc pipe reservoir chamber to a quick release chamber tofthereby reduce the pressure in` said brake pipejieservoir chamber to assist the movement of' the main and supplemental slide valves to release position.

32. A triple valve operating upon a reduc- -tion of brake pipe pressure to admit air to an emergency reservoir chamber in `communication `with the emergency reservoir, and an application lvalve operativelyconnected to said diaphragms and in its application position admitting brake pipe andbralre pipe reservoir airto the equalizing i .chamber and the brake cylinder, invits release position connect-ingthe equalizing chamber to the'retention chamber and in its lap position :closing said communication, a main brake pipe chamber, main rand supplemental slide valves iii-said chamber,l an emergency Vand release piston operatively connected to Vrelease piston, a supplemental brake pipe chamber on the opposite side of the supplemental emergency pistony from the main brake pipe chamber, whcrebyuponY ai sudden reduction in brake pipe pressurein the vInain brake pipe chamber the ypressure in thebrake and supplemental slide valves to emergency' g phere during the movement ofthe main and.

f the bra-ke cylinder when t-he pipe reservoir chamber will Lmove the main posit-ion, means whereby the supplemental brake pipe chamber will be vented to atmossupplemental slide valves to emergency rposition, means V'n'rhereby the emergency reservoir willbe connected tothe brake pipe reservoir chamber through the main slide valve when saidfvalve'is in emergency position, and 'means whereby emergency reservoir and brake pipe reservoir air may flow from the brake pipe reservoir chamber to main slide is in emergency position. f.

E33. A triple valve in 'accordance f with cla-im 32, provided'with an emergency reservoir control chamber., anemergency reservoir valve controlling communication bet-Ween the emergency Areservoir chamber and the control chamber, means whereby the main slide Valve in emergency kposit-ionrvvill open the control valve to permit emergency reservoir air to flow to the brake cylinder, and means whereby the main lslide valvei-n release position willv open the control valve'and permit emergency reservoir air to How to' the brake pipe. l l

34. A` triple valve in accordance with claim 32,. provided with an emergency reservoir control chamber, an emergency reservoir valve controlling communication between' the emergency reservoir 'chamber and the control chamber, meanswhereby the main slide valve inemergency position will open-the control valve to permit emergency Areservoir air to flow to the brake cylinder,

means whereby the main slide valve in Vrelease position will open the control valve and permitemergency reservoir air to flow to 'thefbrake pipe, and a release governing Yvalve having' a quick release position and a graduatedr release position, said valve in graduated release position preventing` the opening of the emergency reservoir valve when the main slide valve is in full release position. y p

I 3 5. A triple valve in accordance with claimf32, provided with a brake pipe vent valve', and with means whereby when the main. and supplemental slidevalves are in emergency position, the said vent valve will be opened and the brake pipe vented to atmosphere. Y e

.36. A `triple valve in accordance with claim 10, and provided with a manually operable release-governing valve having a quick-release positionand a graduated-re'- lease position, said valve in quick-release position opening a main brake cylinder, exhaust ject to brake pipe, brake cylinder andemerf gency reservoir pressures and operating upon a reduction of brake pipe` pressure to place the brake pipeand a brake pipe resrport through the main slide valveto atmosy ervoir in communication with the brake cylinder for a service application ofthe brakes, the lbrake cylinder pressure assisting vthe brake pipe pressure in moving the servicevalve to lap position; and a main slidevalve inoperative under al service reduction 4in brake pipe pressure and adaptedto be operated to emergency position ronly upon a sudden. and yprolongedr reduction of. brake pipe pressure said main slide valve in emergency position connecting an emergency res-- ervoir to the brake cylinder for an emergency application of the brakes, the service valve and the main slide- `valve moving to release-positionr upon an increase of brake pipe pressure after an application of the brakes. 4 v Y 38. A triple valve for air brake apparatus comprising a service application valve subject to brake pipe,`brake cylinder and emergency reservoir pressures and l operating upon a reduction of brake pipe*r pressure to;

place one reservoir in communicationwith the brake cylinder for aservice application of the brakes, the brake cylinder pressure assisting the brake pipe'pressure in moving the service valve to lap posit-ion; and a main slide valve inoperative under' aservice `reduction of brake pipe pressure and adapted to be'operated to emergency position only upon a sudden and prolongedV reduction of Vbrake pipe pressure, said main slide valve A valve and the main slide valve moving to release position upon an increase ot brake pipe pressure after an application of the brakes.

39. `A triple valve for air brake apparatus comprising a service application valve subject to brake pipe,

on a reduction of brake pipe presure to place one reservoir in communication with the brake cylinder for a. service application of the brakes, the brake cylinder pressure assisting the brake pipe pressure in moving the service valve to lap position; main and supplemental slide valves inoperative under a service reduction of brake pipepressure and adapted to be operated to emergency position only upon a sudden and prolonged reduction oit brake pipe pressure, said main slide valve in emergency position connecting another reservoir to the brake cylinder for an emergency application of' the brakes, vthe service valve and the main slide valve moving to release position upon an increase of brake pipe pressure after an application of the brakes; and means whereby the main and supplemental slide valves in release posi` tion connect the emergency application reservoir to the brake pipe vfor a quick release of the brakes.

40. A triple valve in accordance with claim 39, combined With a release-governing valve having a quick-release position and a graduated-release position, said valve in graduated release position preventing the emergency reservoir air passing to the brake pipe when the main slide valve is in release position, and in quick-release position permitting the main and supplemental slide valves to connect the emergency reservoir to the brake pipe and the brake cylinder to an exhaust port through the said releasegoverning valve.

al. AA triple valve in accordance with claim 38, and provided with a manually operable release-governing Lvalve having a quick-release position and a graduated-release position, `said valve in quick-release position opening a main brake cylinder exhaust port through the main slide valve to atmosphere and in its graduated-release position closingl said main exhaust port, Whereby the application valve Will control the exhaust of brake cylinder pressure When the release-governing valve is in graduated-release position; and means whereby the main slide valve in release position will control brake cylinder exhaust through the application valve and a secondary exhaust port.

42. A triple valve for air brake apparatus comprising a service valve subject to brake pipe, brake cylinder and emergency reservoir brake cylinder and emer-` gency reservoir pressures and operating up-` pressures and operating upon a reduction of brake pipe pressure to place a. source of braking pressure in communication with the brake cylinder for a service application of the brakes, the brake cylinder pressure assisting the brake pipe pressure in moving the service valve tolap position, a slide valve, and means operating upon an emergency reduction of brake pipe pressure to move the slide valve to emergency'position, said slide valve in emergency position connect-ing an emergencyreservoir to the brake cylinder :tor an emergency .application of the brakes.

43. A triple valve in accordance With claim 42, combined with a release-governing valve having a quick release position and a graduated-release position, said valve in graduated-release position prevent-ing the emergency reservoir air passing to the brake pipe when the main slide valve is in release position, and in. quick-release position per` mitting the main and supplemental slide valves to connect the emergency reservoir to the brake pipe and the brake cylinder to an exhaustl port through the said release-governing valve.

Lili. A triple valve in accordance with claim 42, and provided with a manually oparablev release-governing valve having a quick-release position and a graduated-release position, said valve in quick-release position opening a main brake cylinder exhaust port through the main slide valve to atmosphere and in its graduated-release position closing said main exhaust port, whereby the applicationvalve will control the exhaust of brake cylinder pressurel when the release-governing valve is in graduatedrelease position; vand means whereby the main slide valve in release position will control brake cylinder exhaust through the application /valve and a secondary exhaust port.

45. A triple valve for air brake apparatus comprising a service valve subject to brake pipe, brake cylinder and emergency reservoir pressures and operating upon a reduction of brake pipe pressure to place a brake pipe and a brake pipe reservoir in communication with the brake cylinder for a service application of the brakes, the brake cylinder pressure assisting the brake pipe pressure in moving the service valve to lap position, a slide valve.,` and means operating upon an emergency reduction of brake pipe pressure to move vthe slide valve to emergency position, said slide valve in emergency position connecting an emergency reservoir` to the brake'cylinder independently of the service valve for an emergency application'of the brakes.4

46. A triple valve for air brake apparatus comprising a casing formed With a main slide valve chamber, a slide valve therein, a service valve subject to `brake pipe, brake service valve for an emergency application of the brakes.

47. triple valve for air brake apparatus comprising a casingl formed With a main slide valve chamber, a slide valve therein, a service valver subject to brake pipe, brake cylinder and emergency lreservoir pressures and operating upon a reduction of brake pipe pressureto place a brake pipe and a brake pipe reservoir incommunication With the brake cylinder independently of the slide valve for a service application of the brakes, the brake cylinder pressure assisting the brake pipe pressure in moving the service valve to lap position, and means operating upon an emergency reduction of brake pipe pressure to move-the main slide valve toA emergency position, said slide valve in emergency position connecting an emergencyv reservoir to the brake cylinder independently of the service valve for an emergency application of the brakes.

48. `A triple valve for air brake apparatus comprising a casing formed with a main slide valve chamber, a slide valve therein, a service' valve subject to brake pipe, brake cylinder and emergency reservoir pressures and .operating upon a reduction of brake pipe pressure to place a source'vof braking pressure in communication with the brake cylinder independently of the slide valve for a service application of the brakes, means whereby the brake cylinder pressure will assist the brake pipe pressure to move vthe service valve to lap position when the brake cylinder pressure is at a predetermined ratio to the brake pipe reduction, and means operating upon an emergency reduction of brake pipe pressure to move the main slide valve to emergency position, said slide valve in emergency positionconnecting an emergency reservoir to the brakecylinder independently of the service valve for an emergency" application of the brakes.

49. A triple valve provided with a main slide valve, a service application valve operating upon a service reduction of brake pipe pressure to place a source of braking pressure in communication with the brake cylinder for a service application of the "brakes, a' manually operable release governing valve valve subject having a quick release position and a gradu-` ated release position, means wherebv the v n f n l main slide valve in release position will cooperate with the releasegoverning valve in the main slide valve will co-operate to slowly release brake cylinder pr'esure lin the release positions of said valves. 50.'A triple valveprovided with amai slide valve, a service application valve 4sub- `ject to brake pipe, brake cylinder and emergency reservoir pressures and operating upon a service reduction of brake pipe pressure to place a source of braking pressure in communication with the brake cylinder for a service application of the brakes, the brake cylinder pregsure assisting the brake pipe pressure in moving the service valve to lap position, a manually operable release governing valve having a quick release position and a vgraduated release position, means whereby the main slide valve in release position will co-operate with the release governing valve in quick release position to con'- nect the brake cylinder to atmosphere through a main exhaust port, means whereby the release governing valve in graduated release position will close the main exhaust port, and means whereby the service application valve and the main slide valve will co-operate to slowly release the brake cylinder pressure in the release positions of said valves. y f

51.y A triple valve for air brake apparatus comprising a service application valve` subject to brake pipe, brake cylinder and einergency reservoir pressures and operating upon a reduction of brake pipe pressure to place a source of braking pressure in communication with the brake cylinder for a service application of the brakes, the brake cylinder pressure assisting the brake pipe pressure in moving the service valve to lap position;

and means operating upon an emergency reduction of brake pipe pressure to connect an emergency reservoirl to the brake cylinder independent-ly of lthe service valve for an emergency application of the brakes.

52. An air brake apparatus comprising a tol and controlled` by brake pipe, brake cylinder and emergency reservoir pressures and operating upon a reduc-v tion of brake pipe pressure to place a source of braking pressure in communication with the brake cylinder in a service application of the brakes, the brake cylinder pressure ai-zsisting the brake pipe pressure in moving the Vsaid pressure controlled valve to lap position; a slide valve; means to hold said slide valve stationary during service reductions of brake pipe pressure, meansy operating onlypupon an. emergency reduction of brake pipe pressure to movel said slide valve to emergency position, said slide valve in emergency position connecting an emergency reseivoir to the `brake cylinder for an emergency application ot the brakes; a manually operable releasegoverning valve interposed between the `said slide valve and the said pressure-controlled valve; means whereby the release governing valve in one position will render the slide valve controlling in release operations; and in another positionwill render the p:fessure-controllcd valve controlling in release operations; and means whereby when the presgure-controlled valve is controlling in rele-asc operations the brake cylinder pressure will be released in direct ratio to the increase in brake pipe pressure.

53. An air brake apparatus comprising a slide valve; a pressure-controlled valve subject to brake pipe, brake cylinder and emergency reservoir pressures and operating upon a reduction of brake pipe pressure to place a source of braking pressure in lcom- `munication with the brake `cylinder i independently of the slide valve tor a service application of the brakes, the brake cylinder pressure assisting the brake pipe pressure in moving the pressure-controlled valve to lap position; means to hold the said slide valve stationary during service reduction of brake pipe pressure; and means opera-ting' only upon an emergency reduction of brake pipe pressure to move the slide valve to emergency position, said slide valve in emergency position connecting an emergency reservoir to the brake cylinder independently of the pressure. controlled valve for an emergency application of the brakes. l

54. An air brake apparatus comprising a mainslide valve; a service application valve operating upon a service reduction of brake pipe pressure to place a source of vbraking pressure in communication with the brake cylinder for a service application of the brakes; a manually operable release-governing valve having a quick-release position and a graduated-release position; means whereby the mainl slide valve in lrelease position will cooperate with the release-governing valve in quick-release position to conneet the brake cylinder to atmosphere through a main exhaust port independently ot the service application valve; means whereby the release-governing valve `in graduated-release position will close the main exhaustport; and means whereby the service application valve and the main slide valve will cooperate to slowly release brake cylinder' pressure in the release positions of said valves.

55. `An air brake apparatus comprising a main slide Valve; a Valve subject toand controlled `by brake pipe, brake cylinder and emergency reservoir pressures and operating upon a service reduction of brake pipe pressure to place a source of braking'pressure in communication with the .brake cylinderv in a service application of the brakes, the brake cylinder pressure assisting the brake pipe ressure in`moving the said pressure-controlled valve to lap position; a manually operable release-governing valve having a quick-release position and a graduated-release position; means whereby the main slide valve in release position will cooperate with the release-governing valve in quick-release positionto connect the brake cylinderl to atmosphere for a free exhaust of brake cylinder pressure-independently ol" the pressurecontrolled valve; means whereby the releaseand emergency reservoirpressures and `0p" eratingvupon a service reduction of brake pipe `pressure to place a source of braking pressure in communication with the brake cylinder in `a service application of the brakes,.the brake cylinder pressure assisting the brakepipe pressure in moving the `said pressure-controlled valve .to vlap position; a manually operable release-governing valve having a quick-release position and a graduated-release' position; means whereby the main slide valve in release position will cooperate with the release-governing valve in o [uick-releas'e positionto connect the brake cylinder to atmospherelfor a tree exhaust of brake cylinder pressure independently of the pressure controlled valve; means whereby the release-governing valve in graduatedrelease position will stopsaid free exhaust; means whereby the pressure-controlled valve and the main slide valve will cooperate to slowly release brake cylinder pressure in the release positions of said valves; and means whereby the said pressure-controlled valve when operating in graduated release will remain in release position until the brake cylinder'pressure has been reduced in a predetermined ratio to the increased brake pipe pressure, the emergency reservoir pressure then .moving the said valve to lap position. i ,i i t 57. An airbrake apparat-us comprising an emergency'slide valve; meansv to move said emergency slide valve to emergency position only upon an emergency reduction of brake pipe pressure; a valve subject to and controlled by bra-ke pipe, brake cylinder and emergency reservoir pressures; a manually operable-release-governing valve; means whereby the release-governing valve in one position will render `the .emergency slide valve controlling in release operations, and in another position will render the pressurecontrolled valve ,controlling in release operations; and means whereby when the'pressure-controlled valve is Acontrolling in release operation fthe brake-*cylinder pressure will be released inrdirect'ratio ,to `the increase in brake pipe pressure. i

58. An air brakeapparatus comprising 4a single brake pipe; a reservoir for `service braking pressure; a reservoirffor emergency braking pressure; a brake cylinder; means to charge the said two reservoirs uponan increaseoi:` pressure in the single brake pipe; a valve subjectnto brake pipe; brake cylinder and emergency reservoir pressures and operating upon a. service reduction of brake pipe pressure to place the reservoir of service braking pressure in communication with the brake cylinder for a serviceiapplication of the brakes; the ibrake lcylinder pressure assisting the Vbrake pipe :pressure in movingthe said valve -to lap position; `and a second 'valve inoperative junder a service reductionr of bra-ke vpipe pressure and operating only upon an-emergency reduction of brake pipe pressure kto connect the reservoir of -emergency braking pressure tothe brake cylinder independentlyvof the first valve vfor an emergencyapplication l'of thel brakes.

59.*,An airbrake apparatus comprising a single .brake pipe; two reservoirs; a brake cylinder.; means-to chargethe two reservoirs upon an increase of pressure inthe single `brake pipe; a pressurecontrolled valve subjectto brake lpipe, pressure, brake cylinder lpressure and a reservoir pressure and operating upon a. reduction of brake pipe pressure, to place one ofthe saidreservoiisiin communication with thebrake cylin- V der for .a vservice application ofthe brakes;

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the brake cylinder fpressure assist-ing the brake; pipe pressure in moving the said valve to lapposit-ion; and valve-means opera-tingr uponan emergency reduction of=brake pipe pressure to connect the-other reservoir to the brake cylinder; independently -of-the pressurecontrolled valve, foran emergency--application of the brakes.

60. An air brake apparatus comprising a single brake pipe; a service reservoir; an emergency reservoir; a brake cylinder; means to charge the said two reservoirs upon an increase of pressure in the single brake pipe; a pressure-controlled valve subjectto4 brake pipe; brake cylinder and emergency reservoir pressures and operating upon a reduction 4oi" brake pipe pressure, tonplace the said service reservoirrin communication lWiththe brake cylinder for a service appli- .cation of the brakes; the brake cylinder pressure assisting the brake pipe pressure in movingthe said pressure-controlled valve to emergency reduction of brake pipe pressure to connect the emergency reservoir tothe brake cylinder, independently of the pressure-controlled valve for an emergency application oi' the bra-kes.

6l. An' air brake apparatus comprising a service .reservoir and an emergency reservoir; a brake cylinder; a valve subject to brake pipe, brake cylinder' and emergency reservoir pressures and operating upon a service :reduction of brake pipe ypressure vto place the said service reservoir in communication with thebrake cylinder fora service application of the brakes, the brake. cylinder pressure assisting the brake pipe pressure in moving the said valve to lap position; an increase of brake pipe pressure moving said valve to release position to connect the brake cylinder to atmosphere, and a decrease oi brake cylinder pressure permitting said valve to be moved to application position by the emergencyrese-rvoir pressure; anda piston-operated slide valve operating only upon an emergency reduction of brake pipe pressure to connect theemergency reservoir toy-the brake cylinder,independently of the f emergency application of pipe pressure to place `the brake cylindergin `Communication vwith the atmosphere `fora release of the l brakes,..said valvefremaining in=release position untilfthelbr-ake cylinder pressure is suiliciently reducedvtopermit the emergency reservoir to dominate the increased break pipe pressure and the Adecreased brake cylinder pressures ;l A and means operating only upon an emergency reduction of brake pipe pressureto connect the reservoir of emergency braking pressureztothe brake cylinder independently of the pressure-controlled valve for an emergency applicationofthe brakes.

63. A triple valve foraairbrake apparatus,comprising a pressurepcontrolled valve controlled by varia-.tionsin brake pipe pressure and subject-Ito brake cylinder fand emergency reservoir ,pressures and voperating upon a reduction of brake pipe pressi-1reA to place a source ofrbr-.akinfgpressure in communication with thebrakecylinder iin a service ,applicatiom of the brakes, the brake 

